Saturday, December 28, 2019

The History of the Computer Game Spacewar

If I hadnt done it, someone wouldve done something equally exciting, if not better, in the next six months. I just happened to get there first. - Steve Russell aka Slug on inventing Spacewar. Steve Russell - Inventing of Spacewar It was in 1962 when a young computer programmer from MIT named  Steve Russell, fueled with inspiration from the writings of E. E. Doc Smith, led the team  that created the first popular computer game. Starwar was almost the first computer game ever written. However, there were at least two far-lesser-known predecessors: OXO (1952) and Tennis for Two (1958). It took the team about 200 man-hours to write the first version of Spacewar.  Russell wrote Spacewar on a PDP-1, an early DEC (Digital Equipment Corporation) interactive mini computer which used a cathode-ray tube type display and keyboard input. The computer was donated to MIT from DEC, who hoped MITs think tank would be able to do something remarkable with their product. A computer game called Spacewar was the last thing DEC expected but they later provided the game as a diagnostic program for their customers. Russell never profited from Spacewars. Description The PDP-1s operating system was the first to allow multiple users to share the computer simultaneously. This was perfect for playing Spacewar, which was a two-player game involving warring spaceships firing photon torpedoes. Each player could maneuver a spaceship and score by firing missiles at his opponent while avoiding the gravitational pull of the sun. Try playing a replica of the computer game for yourselves. It still holds today up as a great way to waste a few hours. By the mid-sixties, when computer time was still very expensive, Spacewar could be found on nearly every research computer in the country. Influence on Nolan Bushnell Russell transferred to Stanford University, where he introduced computer game programming and Spacewar to an engineering student named Nolan Bushnell. Bushnell went on to write the first coin-operated computer arcade game and start Atari Computers. An interesting sidenote is that Doc Smith, besides being a great science fiction writer, held a Ph.D. in chemical engineering and was the researcher who figured out how to get powdered sugar to stick to doughnuts. Spacewar! was conceived in 1961 by Martin Graetz, Steve Russell, and Wayne Wiitanen. It was first realized on the PDP-1 in 1962 by Steve Russell, Peter Samson, Dan Edwards and Martin Graetz, together with Alan Kotok, Steve Piner and Robert A. Saunders. Try playing a replica of the computer game for yourselves. It still holds today up as a great way to waste a few hours: Spacewar Online - The original 1962 game code runs on PDP-1 emulator in Java.Play Spacewar - The a, s, d, f keys control one of the spaceships. The k, l, ;, keys control the other. The controls are spin one way, spin the other, thrust, and fire. Steve Russell is a computer scientist who led the team that invented Spacewar in 1962, one of the first games ever written for the computer. Steve Russell - Other Achievements Steve Russell also contributed to the IBM 704, which was a 1956 upgrade of the 701. Steve Russell - Background Steve Russell was educated at Dartmouth College from 1954 to 1958.

Friday, December 20, 2019

The Coexistence of the Media and the Government Essay...

The Coexistence of the Media and the Government The American media system is spinning out of control in a hyper-commercialized frenzy. Fewer than ten transnational media conglomerates dominate much of our media; fewer than two dozen account for the overwhelming majority of our newspapers, magazines, films, television, radio, and books. With every aspect of our media culture now fair game for commercial exploitation, we can look forward to the full-scale commercialization of sports, arts, and education, the disappearance of notions of public service from public discourse, and the degeneration of journalism, political coverage, and childrens programming under commercial pressure. This concentration of media power and attendant†¦show more content†¦Objecting to news coverage, they say, is merely blaming the messenger; the press claims no responsibility for the world that it displays. Journalists and reporters abuse the claim to their first amendment rights, â€Å"the first instinct of many journalists is to cry First Amendment!† Which is like the militarys reflexive use of national security to rebut any criticism of how it does its work.†(Fallows 184). With the first amendment protecting the media from any criticisms, they have no conscience in what the show or say. The media is no better than any other sitcom on TV. They do what they have to do for an audience. Fallows’ hypothesis that contemporary commercial journalism is essentially a mix of crime stories, celebrity profiles, consumer news pitched at the upper middle class, and warmed over press releases is completely and utterly plausible. Everyone knows that big-time journalists have become powerful and prominent. We see them shouting at presidents during White House press conferences. We hear them offering instant thumbs-up/thumbs-down verdicts a few seconds after a politician completes a speech. We know that they swarm from one hot news event to the next--from a press conference by Gennifer Flowers, to a riot site in Los Angeles, to congressional hearings on a Supreme Court nominee, to the arraignment of Tonya Harding.Show MoreRelated Cuban Missle Crisis Essay1196 Words   |  5 Pagesnuclear war. When the Soviet Union placed offensive nuclear missiles in Cuba, President Kennedy interpreted the act as one of hostility that would not be tolerated. However, the situation was blo wn way out or proportion by the president, American media, and ultimately the citizens of the United States. The Soviet Premier, Nikita Khrushchev, was reacting to the Bay of Pigs Invasion of Cuba, US Missile installations along the Turkey/Soviet border, and the clear anti-Communist policy of the United StatesRead MoreSport And Peace Development Goals1515 Words   |  7 Pagesfor the rules and others participating, are key players in the overall goal to attaining peace. 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Thursday, December 12, 2019

Vernon McGee Views On Bible Essay Research free essay sample

Vernon McGee Views On Bible Essay, Research Paper J. Vernon McGee has an interesting manner of looking at the Bible. He seems to take a point of view on Galations that is really bracing. I have neer heard a scriptural scalar usage the word cool before. I merely truly enjoyed reading his commentary. He divides the book into five parts, the first being the debut. He talks about how in the first five poetries Paul tells that he is an apostle by God non by adult male. In verse two he describes that Paul is composing to the churches of Galatia and non the church organic structure that is composed of all that are saved. In poetry four he gives a really inspiring position of how Jesus gave himself. Equally good as speaking about how God will present us from present immorality. From verse five he negotiations about how fantastic God is and how we need to praise his name. We will write a custom essay sample on Vernon McGee Views On Bible Essay Research or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page McGee so goes on to speak about Paul? s topic in Galations. Paul is composing this missive to warn about Judaizers. After Paul had gone threw an country these Judaizers would come right behind him and add to what Paul said. They would state them that they had to obey the Mosaic Law every bit good as have faith. The chief thought for poetries 1:6-10 holds the same chief thought. God has provided us with the 1 and merely true Gospel and this is what Paul was prophesying. If anyone should of all time come up to and Tell you that your belief is right up to a point we should state them to go forth us entirely. In the following portion he talks about Paul? s experiences in Arabia. In poetries eleven and twelve Paul states one once more about how the Gospel he preaches came from no adult male but from God. In poetries 18-24 we read about Paul traveling to run into with the other apostles and their reaction to him. The church every bit good as the apostles in Jerusalem was somewhat loath to accept Paul when he foremost arrived. In fact McGee says? without the aid of Barnabas, Paul would likely hold waited for a long clip before the church in Jerusalem would hold received him? . Paul neer did run into up with all the apostles. He merely met two the brothers of Jesus, James and Peter. Now we come to chapter two of Galations. This is the point were things truly get down to acquire interesting. This is when Paul comes back to Jerusalem with Titus. It was a really powerful message that Paul stated by conveying one who was uncircumcised to the church of Jerusalem. The existent meat of poetries 2:1-10 is when Paul meets Wisconsin th the apostles. In this meeting they both presented their version of the Gospel and came to happen out that they had nil to add to Paul? s version. They had come to the understanding that both Gospels were true and accurate. Now we move to Paul? s experiences in Antioch with Peter. It was good know that Jews did non experience that they should eat meat. Well at the church in Antioch there was a mixture of both Jews and Gentiles. They besides had a great repast called a love banquet in this church. Well this lead to some jobs holding Hebrews that didn? t eat meat and Gentiles that did. The solution was to hold two separate tabular arraies, one with meat and one without. When Paul came he saw no job in eating meat so he went to sit at the heathens tabular array. When Simon Peter arrived he saw Paul sitting at the tabular array and sat at the Jews tabular array anyhow. Subsequently after the repast Peter ask Paul about eating meat and Paul explained to Peter that eating meat can non divide you from God if you are saved by grace. Peter so ate meat the following forenoon and enjoyed it. That flushing when friends from the church in Jerusalem came Peter went from the Gentile tabular array back to the kosher tabular array. ? By his actions he was stating that the heathen tabular array was incorrect and the kosher tabular array was right. Now we come to chapter three in Galatians were Paul now goes back to the experiences of the Galatians. McGee says that he believes in experience. He says that you have to be really careful when covering with experience. ? What experience dosage is corroborate the Gospel? . There are many people today that ground from experience to truth. McGee believes that the Word of God grounds from truth to see. If we try to do biblical truth out of our experiences we can make nil but distort the Word of God. Paul ask the Galatians six inquiries about there experience. These inquiries were asked for one simple intent and that is to do certain that the Galatians knew good and good of their redemption and that they should non endorse measure one time they had been saved. Now we come to what McGee calls the high H2O grade, the illustration of Abraham. Paul uses Abraham because he is merely a great illustration of justification by religion. Paul uses Abraham as an illustration in both Roman and Galatians. It can non be said that Abraham was justified by the jurisprudence because the Mosaic Law didn? t appear till another 400 old ages subsequently.